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<title>OpenNap</title>

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</style><table class="infobox vevent"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary">OpenNap</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Programmer" title="Programmer">Original author(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Drscholl</td></tr><tr style="display: none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Software_release_life_cycle" title="Software release life cycle">Stable release</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="margin:0px;">0.44 Beta

/ 2001</div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2">

</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Repository_(version_control)" title="Repository (version control)">Repository</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">

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</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sourceforge.net/projects/opennap/files/">sourceforge<wbr>.net<wbr>/projects<wbr>/opennap<wbr>/files<wbr>/</a></span> </li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Computing_platform" title="Computing platform">Platform</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="UNIX" class="mw-redirect" title="UNIX">UNIX</a>, <a href="Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a>, <a href="BSD/OS" title="BSD/OS">BSD/OS</a>, <a href="Solaris_(operating_system)" class="mw-redirect" title="Solaris (operating system)">Solaris</a>, <a href="FreeBSD" title="FreeBSD">FreeBSD</a>, <a href="Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Windows</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Available in</th><td class="infobox-data">English</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Software_categories#Categorization_approaches" title="Software categories">Type</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="File_sharing" title="File sharing">File sharing</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Software_license" title="Software license">License</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="General_Public_Licence" class="mw-redirect" title="General Public Licence">General Public Licence</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://opennap.sourceforge.net/">http://opennap.sourceforge.net/</a></td></tr></tbody></table>

<p><b>OpenNap</b> was an <a href="Open-source_software" title="Open-source software">open-source</a> <a href="Napster" title="Napster">Napster</a> server, extending the Napster protocol to allow sharing of any media type, and adding the ability to link servers together. It became popular after the original Napster network was shut down in 2001, but was subject to similar pressures and its use soon declined. As of 2024, the <a href="WinMX" title="WinMX">WinMX</a> client is the only one still in use.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div>

<p>The original Napster <a href="Peer-to-peer_file_sharing" title="Peer-to-peer file sharing">peer-to-peer file sharing</a> service was a protocol which allowed users to transfer files directly between their clients. The protocol was reverse engineered by a developer nicknamed Drscholl and several other programmers. The first OpenNap servers appeared in 1999, operating in the same manner as Napster servers did. A client program connects to a centralized OpenNap server, search for, share and download files. The OpenNap server keeps track of all available files and provides clients the ability to search the index of available files and initiate a direct transfer between the clients. The files available via OpenNap servers are stored on the clients, never passing through the server. In addition, <a href="Instant_messaging" title="Instant messaging">instant messages</a> (private chat) and group chat services similar to <a href="IRC" title="IRC">IRC</a> were also available.

</p><p>OpenNap servers could be interconnected with each other to form networks. Clients could connect to multiple OpenNap networks. In 2000-2001 an indexing service for all OpenNap servers was created, called <i>Napigator</i>. Napigator allowed server administrators to add their server to a central list, so they could be easily (and often automatically) found by client software. The network was used for research into music tastes and preferences.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>As the <a href="RIAA" class="mw-redirect" title="RIAA">RIAA</a> began to successfully dismantle Napster in the end of 2000, the population of OpenNap began to surge. Even though it appeared OpenNap would become the next Napster, it suffered from the same vulnerability as Napster: centralized servers. During OpenNap's peak in February 2002, the RIAA on behest of its member companies, began sending “<a href="Cease_and_desist" title="Cease and desist">Cease and Desist</a>” notices to the biggest OpenNap networks.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> OpenNap was reduced from a population of over 250,000 to little more than 50,000 in less than five months.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.winmxworld.com/tutorials/opennap.html">"WinMX World :: OpenNap"</a>. <i>www.winmxworld.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-04-16</span></span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFWhitmanLawrence2002" class="citation document cs1">Whitman, B.; Lawrence, S. (2002). "Inferring Descriptions and Similarity for Music from Community Metadata" (Document). International Conference on Mathematics and Computing.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thecrimson.com/article/2001/2/27/the-next-round-for-napster-pthough/">"The Next Round for Napster | Opinion | The Harvard Crimson"</a>. <i>www.thecrimson.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-04-16</span></span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.slyck.com/story884_OpenNap_A_Domain_of_P2P_Community">"Slyck News - OpenNap – A Domain of P2P Community"</a>. <i>slyck.com</i>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.semanticscholar.org/topic/OpenNap/2786580">"OpenNap | Semantic Scholar"</a>. <i>www.semanticscholar.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-04-16</span></span>.</cite></span>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/sbcas/opennap">opennap repository</a> on GitHub</li></ul>

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</style><div id="Peer-to-peer_file_sharing199" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Peer-to-peer_file_sharing" title="Peer-to-peer file sharing">Peer-to-peer file sharing</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Computer_network" title="Computer network">Networks</a>,<br><a href="Communication_protocol" title="Communication protocol">protocols</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Centralized</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Direct_Connect_(protocol)" title="Direct Connect (protocol)">Direct Connect</a></li>

<li><a href="Soribada" title="Soribada">Soribada</a></li>

<li><a href="Soulseek" title="Soulseek">Soulseek</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Decentralized</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="BitTorrent" title="BitTorrent">BitTorrent</a></li>

<li><a href="EDonkey_network" title="EDonkey network">eDonkey</a></li>

<li><a href="FastTrack" title="FastTrack">FastTrack</a></li>

<li><a href="Fopnu" class="mw-redirect" title="Fopnu">Fopnu</a></li>

<li><a href="Hyphanet" title="Hyphanet">Hyphanet</a></li>

<li><a href="GNUnet" title="GNUnet">GNUnet</a></li>

<li><a href="Gnutella" title="Gnutella">Gnutella</a></li>

<li><a href="Gnutella2" title="Gnutella2">Gnutella2</a></li>

<li><a href="GiFT#OpenFT_protocol" title="GiFT">OpenFT</a></li>

<li><a href="OnionShare" title="OnionShare">OnionShare</a></li>

<li><a href="Perfect_Dark_(P2P)" title="Perfect Dark (P2P)">Perfect Dark</a></li>

<li><a href="Retroshare" title="Retroshare">Retroshare</a></li>

<li><a href="Share_(P2P)" title="Share (P2P)">Share</a></li>

<li><a href="Tribler" title="Tribler">Tribler</a></li>

<li><a href="WebTorrent" title="WebTorrent">WebTorrent</a></li>

<li><a href="WinMX" title="WinMX">WinMX</a></li>

<li><a href="Winny" title="Winny">Winny</a></li>

<li><a href="ZeroNet" title="ZeroNet">ZeroNet</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Audiogalaxy" title="Audiogalaxy">Audiogalaxy</a></li>

<li><a href="CuteMX" title="CuteMX">CuteMX</a></li>

<li><a href="Hotline_Communications" title="Hotline Communications">Hotline</a></li>

<li><a href="Kazaa" title="Kazaa">Kazaa</a></li>

<li><a href="LimeWire" title="LimeWire">LimeWire</a></li>

<li><a href="Morpheus_(file-sharing_software)" title="Morpheus (file-sharing software)">Morpheus</a></li>

<li><a href="Napster" title="Napster">Napster</a></li>

<li><a href="Scour_Inc." title="Scour Inc.">Scour</a></li>

<li><a href="Usenet" title="Usenet">Usenet</a></li>

<li><a href="WASTE" title="WASTE">WASTE</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Comparisons<br>of <a href="Client_(computing)" title="Client (computing)">clients</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Comparison_of_ADC_Software" class="mw-redirect" title="Comparison of ADC Software">Advanced Direct Connect</a></li>

<li><a href="Comparison_of_BitTorrent_clients" title="Comparison of BitTorrent clients">BitTorrent</a></li>

<li><a href="Comparison_of_Direct_Connect_software" title="Comparison of Direct Connect software">Direct Connect</a></li>

<li><a href="Comparison_of_eDonkey_software" title="Comparison of eDonkey software">eDonkey</a></li>

<li><a href="Gnutella#Gnutella_features" title="Gnutella">Gnutella</a></li>

<li><a href="Gnutella2#Comparison" title="Gnutella2">Gnutella2</a></li>

<li><a href="WebTorrent" title="WebTorrent">WebTorrent</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hyperlinks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Magnet_URI_scheme" title="Magnet URI scheme">Magnet</a></li>

<li><a href="Metalink" title="Metalink">Metalink</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Uses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Backup" title="Backup">Backup</a></li>

<li><a href="Broadcatching" title="Broadcatching">Broadcatching</a></li>

<li><a href="Shared_resource" title="Shared resource">Disk sharing</a></li>

<li><a href="Online_video_platform" title="Online video platform">Game and video sharing</a></li>

<li><a href="Image_sharing" title="Image sharing">Image sharing</a></li>

<li><a href="Music_download" title="Music download">Music sharing</a></li>

<li><a href="Peercasting" title="Peercasting">Peercasting</a></li>

<li><a href="Seedbox" title="Seedbox">Seedboxes</a></li>

<li><a href="Sharing#In_computer_and_Internet_culture" title="Sharing">Sharing software</a></li>

<li><a href="Peer-to-peer_web_hosting" title="Peer-to-peer web hosting">Web hosting</a> (<a href="Freenet" class="mw-redirect" title="Freenet">Freesite</a>, <a href="InterPlanetary_File_System" title="InterPlanetary File System">IPFS</a>, <a href="ZeroNet" title="ZeroNet">ZeroNet</a>)</li>

<li><a href="Legal_aspects_of_file_sharing" title="Legal aspects of file sharing">Legal aspects</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Privacy44" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Privacy_in_file_sharing_networks" title="Privacy in file sharing networks">Privacy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Anonymous_P2P" title="Anonymous P2P">Anonymous P2P</a></li>

<li><a href="Darknet" title="Darknet">Darknet</a></li>

<li><a href="Darkweb" class="mw-redirect" title="Darkweb">Darkweb</a></li>

<li><a href="Friend-to-friend" title="Friend-to-friend">Friend-to-friend</a></li>

<li><a href="Open_music_model" title="Open music model">Open music model</a></li>

<li><a href="Private_P2P" class="mw-redirect" title="Private P2P">Private P2P</a></li>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Internal<br>technologies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Distributed_hash_table" title="Distributed hash table">Distributed hash table</a></li>

<li><a href="Merkle_tree" title="Merkle tree">Merkle tree</a></li>

<li><a href="NAT_traversal" title="NAT traversal">NAT traversal</a></li>

<li><a href="Peer_exchange" title="Peer exchange">Peer exchange</a></li>

<li><a href="BitTorrent_protocol_encryption" title="BitTorrent protocol encryption">BitTorrent protocol encryption</a></li>

<li><a href="Super-seeding" title="Super-seeding">Super-seeding</a></li>

<li><a href="BitTorrent_tracker" title="BitTorrent tracker">BitTorrent tracker</a></li>

<li><a href="UDP_hole_punching" title="UDP hole punching">UDP hole punching</a></li>

<li><a href="Micro_Transport_Protocol" title="Micro Transport Protocol">Micro Transport Protocol</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-04-23" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=OpenNap&oldid=1286983131">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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